Essay about Analysis of Max Webers Theory of Capitalism

Analysis of Max Webers Theory of Capitalism Max Weber’s original theory on the rise of Capitalism in Western Europe has been an often studied theory. In its relationship to Protestantism, specifically Calvinism, Weber’s theory has been in scholarly debate since it’s release in 1904. â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† puts forth not capitalism as an institute, but as the precursor to the historical origins of capitalism. Weber’s attempts to use statistical data, as well as church doctrine to prove his theory, has been the foundation for the main arena of debate amongst his peers. Weber, although touching on other religions and countries, specifically focuses on the Reformation and its correlation to the dominance†¦show more content†¦Fanfani believes this discredits the influential aspects of religion on capitalism, and instead credits â€Å"that general revolution of thought that characterizes the period of the Renaissance and the Reformation, by which in art, philosophy, morals, and economy, the individual emancipates†¦himself from the bonds imposed on him during the Middle Ages(2).† Arguments could be made on Weber’s behalf that it was the Reformation that ‘emancipated’ Protestants from the bonds of Catholic ritual. The removal of the Catholic priest necessitated Protestants to acquire a higher degree of learning for their own salvation. An education combined with divine sanction towards profit and a sinful attitude towards idleness would only lead towards a diligent work ethic. It can be inferred, in this rebutt al, that the Reformation may have been a guiding factor in the Renaissance and therefore Fanfani’s argument would be inclusive of Weber’s theory. The argument that capitalism existed before the Reformation is valid, but Fanfani is discussing it as a definition where as Weber discusses it as driving force. Weber’s thoughts, that rationality being a basis for capitalism, inspired him to use several quotes from Ben Franklin early in his work. In where, even before there was a strong capitalistic foundation formed in the colonies, Weber foundShow MoreRelatedMarx s Theory Of Historical Materialism1495 Words   |  6 PagesCapitalism is an economic system in a society in which private owners control industry and trade within a country, rather than the state. Both Karl Marx and Max Weber, have written theories on how this system develops in countries and creates a nation state that is characterised by production and wealth. Marx’s theory takes more of a top-down approach, suggesting that people have little power in how their society is run. On the other hand, Weber’s bottom-up approach demonstrates how people have theRead MoreWhat Was the main theme of max webers sociology? Analysis of the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalismand webers rationality theory.1738 Words   |  7 PagesMax Webers observations and conclusions regarding modernity and its causes have named him one of the most influential sociologists of our era. Weber believed that in the West rationality had come to become the predominant impetus for action. Weber said that Rationality was one of four motivations towards actions--the remaining three, Traditional, Affective, and Value-Oriented, had been based on more humanistic qualities and had all faded into almost insignificance in the modern age. He thought thatRead MoreIs Weber s Idea Of Economic Traditionalism1189 Words   |  5 PagesIs weber’s idea of economic traditionalism analysis relevant to the study of religion? Introduction The core of research on religion at present is of no doubt touching Max Weber’s ideas on economic traditionalism. Weber in Solimano (2012: 42) talked about â€Å"the importance of religion, especially the Protestant ethic† in economic life. By venturing into the field of sociology of religion, Weber further succeeded in arousing many scholars’ interest in the study of different religions in the contemporaryRead MoreWeber s Economic Sociological Theory Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Weber’s economic-sociological theory is based on his studies on various subjects like agricultural problems of earlier times, trade relations in medieval era and the position and condition of agricultural workers in modern factories. 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Heinz Company - Integrating Business Strategies and Risk...

Heinz Company - Integrating Business Strategies and Risk Management Background of the company No firm outdid H.J. Heinz in enunciating the benefits of welfare work to consumers. Sketching in consumers minds a link between the conditions under which products were assembled and their final market value, Henry Heinz made the Heinz label a household word. Unique in its success, the Heinz approach characterized consumer focused welfare publicity in two important ways. First, acute anxieties about commercial food preparation in the Progressive era encouraged food companies to advertise workplace reforms more widely than did other industries. Second, like the majority of welfare work advertising, Heinz publicity targeted middle-class†¦show more content†¦An objective is to prove that the company is able to provide a variety of wholesome foods, with an unwavering emphasis on health and wellness. The company wants to make sure that people will recognize them through the kind of products they have delivered. The company also wants to have a unique identity through the produc tion of unique goods. Lastly an objective is to show how the company wants to create a good image wherein people will be encouraged to invest in the company. Key Business Strategies H.J. Heinz through its leaders is trying hard to learn from its past mistakes so that they can be market savvy. Heinz’s key business strategy is investing in better equipments that will make their food products. The company conducts researches and inquiries on the equipments that cost lesser but can produce the best food products. The equipments used by the company have been chosen for their reliability and performance. The company also makes use of corporate responsibility strategies to create a better image. The use of such strategies help the company gain more clients. Lastly the company makes sure that it has a well organized customer service that will give assistance to clients in need. Stakeholders Internal stakeholders The internal stakeholders of the Heinz include the management of the company, employees and creditors. The Stakeholders’ impact on the governance of the firm is it affects the way the company is managed. It makes sure that the companyShow MoreRelatedManagement Report Esprit10259 Words   |  42 PagesIntroduction to Management and Research Methods EFO249 Fall 2009 Group Project : Final Management Report Company: International Marketing Group 6 International Marketing: Friederike Busch : fbh09002 Wiwatchai Jirawattananukool : wjl09001 Saruta Cholviroj: scj09001 Himmet Baran : hbn09004 Tutor : Tobias Eltebrandt 1 Table of Content 1. 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Foreign Auto Shop Free Essays

Running Head: Foreign Auto Shop Final Case Paper jose terrs Submitted To: Dr. torres October 21ST, 2012 GEBB515 – ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP Abstract Many companies around the world have different styles of management. Some companies have â€Å"laid back managers† others have â€Å"drill sergeant managers† both types of managers are like and disliked. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Auto Shop or any similar topic only for you Order Now Management plays a very important role in any job field. The overall supervision and leadership shown by the management is what I think, constructs a business to a successful business. Every business needs a foundation. Once the foundation is settled, it’s just a step by step dedication with the owner and its leadership trend team. In this case analysis, Alan shows a mellow characteristic of a manger. But when things get serious, he has a â€Å"strong willed go getter manger characteristic†. The owner of the foreign auto shop has a much laid back personality informed to us by the case. Alan has a very well wanted leadership phase that many employees look for in a boss. Usual leadership situations in the auto repair shop consist of making sure every employee is doing the right job the right way, but without being to â€Å"on top of them† while they perform their work talent. The owner is also head supervisor of the overall shop. He has 7 employees working for his shop in which two of them (Gil amp; Hans) are the easiest to supervise due to the fact that they are more experienced in all subjects of the mechanical work field. Along with his other two employees (Bart amp; Herbie) which are dedicated in to their specific parts of the mechanical workforce. Bart works more on motorcycles, whereas Herbie is a whiz at trouble shooting engine problems. Three other employees require closer supervision by Alan because they are less skilled oriented. By going back to the abstract you will see how a â€Å"foundation† is needed to create a wonderful and successful business. Well Alan has his overall view of what he is dedicated to, and has built a wonderful and creative team that are focused on making sure the client is always happy. Alan’s typical leadership style is considerately appropriate for his leadership situation. Alan is described to be a less â€Å"on point† supervisor amongst his employees. He knows that they are doing their job. He always makes himself available to on the floor to his employees if they are in need of any help or have specific questions. His fairness and openness have earned him the continuing respect and trust if his employees. Sometimes always being a mellow â€Å"laid back† kind of manager is not always a good thing also because many employees can take that and use it against the management. For example, seeing the manager being easy going and not too â€Å"put forward† can sometimes escalate to the actual employee not accomplishing his work goal and just taking it easy. In this case, Alan shows his double side. â€Å"Things are not always greener on the other side of the fence†. There is certainly something very interesting regarding the cause and effect of running a laissez-faire organization, particularly corporations. Ultimately, when it comes to laid back management, it is not really a matter of whether to be lenient or not. Oftentimes, it is a matter of when to be indulgent, because there are certain circumstances that will cause either an advancement or failure. Laid back management is actually a good strategy. Needless to say, workers have to be entitled with certain rights and privileges. Lenient management is often the core of empowering the laborers. More often than not, empowering laborers proved to boost the overall prosperity of the corporation. Oftentimes this may come into explicit forms of idealistic gestures, such as enabling the worker to make any constructive suggestions regarding the company policies. Some companies find this method too lenient to a point of negligence, but there are those that abide by its format. An example of a popular tactic of promoting lenient management is the establishment of friendly relations with employees, although such a gesture could be taken as an extreme idealism for many traditional types of corporations. In certain ways, friendly relationship between the laborer and overseer would result to easy productivity because both parties could defer to one another and even work together to overcome certain challenges. A friendly relationship is often deemed good like-minded academic school of thought for the simple reason that respect for fellow human beings, especially in terms of their dignity, is a non-negotiable aspect of civil law. Alan’s leadership style during the flood was put out to be his â€Å"Dr. Jekyll amp; Mr. Hyde† side. When he noticed that the storm was advancing rapidly towards the valley where his shop is located, Alan to be on the safe side went out to roll up the windows of the clients cars that were in the parking lot waiting to be worked on. Then he noticed that the creek was already rising high and ran back to the shop but got soaked by the rain. His employees laughed at him for: not having enough sense to come in out of the rain. † After 15minutes of hard rain, he realized it wasn’t just a rainstorm, but an actual flood. He ran into the shop and announced in a loud voice that the creek was flooding and instructed all his employees to do certain jobs but nobody seemed to be moving. An employee walked over to Alan and told him, does he really think it’s gonna flood because it’s rained like this before and it doesn’t even reach more than an inch. Alan looks at the employee in the eyes and interrupted his employee by saying in an assertive manner, â€Å"Listen, ad listen good! You and the rest of the crew are going to do what I say, and you’re going to do it now! We can talk later about whether it was a good idea. † By coming out and managing in this manner, Alan shows himself to no longer be a mellow â€Å"laid back† manager but be an assertive and â€Å"drill sergeant† manager. Another very concrete situation from which laid back management will truly not go as planned is when the corporate heads issue an urgent massive quota on such a short deadline. For instance, bombarding laborers with tasks in streamline payroll processing. If the management allows the workers to have a say according to their preference, nobody would be willing to work with such a given condition. The greatest error of imposing laissez-faire supervision is when it comes to the point that the laborers would feel entitled to defy a corporate order. There is a fine line between liberty and anarchy, and the latter could sometimes result from high expectations that are stifled by necessity. His effective behaviors were implemented as being an easy going manager when things are not a risk or are being done incorrectly and a serious go getter when he sees that his business is in danger or an employee is performing incorrectly. After the flood subsided his way of management was very well performed by showing each of his employees that he is highly appreciative of each contribution each employee performed while the flood was in effect. Assertiveness is a key component to being an effective manager, and is particularly important when dealing with difficult employees who thrive on testing your boundaries. Why do employees behave badly to begin with? Because the manager who is in authority is allowing them to behave that way, â€Å"laid back† managers Some techniques that can be used to become a more assertive — and, therefore, more effective — manager: Set and communicate clear boundaries and expectations. Managers who fail to clearly define and consistently enforce boundaries are just asking for trouble from their employees. Your employees are not mind readers,† Shepard emphasized. â€Å"You have got to clearly, clearly, clearly define what you expect and what you will not tolerate. † The good news, he pointed out, is that â€Å"the firmer you are and the more people realize you don’t budge, the less they will test the boundaries. † Hold everyone accountable, even when you don’t want to. â€Å"You have an obligation to your company to do the right thing; they are paying you to make the tough decisions,† stated Shepard. You also â€Å"owe it to your good employees not to let problem employees get away with things they shouldn’t. Although this can be particularly hard when you’re dealing with someone you like or with whom you empathize, said Shepard, â€Å"you are a manager, not Dr. Phil. Don’t get involved in personal lives. † Don’t stomp on your employees’ rights or be disrespectful. â€Å"You don’t have to be a jerk to be assertive,† he noted. A dysfunctional, authoritarian manager will be able to get employees to comply, but not to commit. â€Å"You want people to commit, because that’s how you get your employees to give more than you ask for. † Choose your battles carefully. A smart manager knows that it’s better to lose the battle, sometimes, in order to win the war,† Shepard observed. Choosing not to fight a battle you know you can’t win is a sign of wisdom, not weakness. Being assertive will earn you respect, but only few know how and when to become assertive. High level executives and managers are generally very assertive. However, if they use their positions of power and authority in order to belittle, intimidate, and control those beneath them, it will cause a lot of trouble and loss of respect over the long term. Employees will begin to resent such executives and managers. Their productivity will eventually begin to fall, and if the dictatorial behavior of the executives and managers continues, it will not be long before the organization begins experiencing a high employee turnover. To avoid this problem, it is important to understand the difference between being assertive and being an autocrat. While some managers avoid dictatorial behavior in favor of being passive, this too is just as bad. The problem with passive managers is that employees often do not know what is expected of them, and they will often take the manager for granted. Employees may violate company policy while working in their department, and they will do this largely because they feel the passive manager will let them get away with it. A manager or executive who is assertive is an individual who maintains a balance between these two extremes. If you are passive or dictatorial, your behavior will have a negative impact on your career sooner or later. A manager who is assertive is an individual who can lead their employees, and they can do it without having to use a firm hand, or raise their voice. Some managers do not understand the difference between assertiveness and aggression, so they choose to be passive. But there is a critical difference between the two. An aggressive manager tends to be an individual who is quick to anger. They will usually bang their fists on the desk when an employee does something wrong, and they have no problem raising their voice or yelling at their subordinates. The aggressive manager will generally treat his employees like children. The problem with this form of behavior is that employees are not children, they are adults, and when you treat adults like children, they tend to harbor a great deal of resentment. The aggressive manager is also quick to criticize the work of his employees. If he sees something wrong with the work of his subordinate, he will be quick to point out all the negative aspects of it, as opposed to the positive aspects. In contrast, a passive manager is someone who is easy to walk over. Because he does not take things seriously, the employees will not take things seriously, and they will often do what they want despite the company’s rules and regulations. The primary reason for this is because the passive manager does not bother to enforce the rules. A passive manager will typically avoid doing anything with his employees that might cause conflict, as they do not want to disrupt the workings of their department. The ironic thing about this view is that those who try to avoid conflict the most are the individuals who are most likely to run into it. While the assertive manager is not aggressive, they make everyone understand that their rules must be followed. In conclusion, changing Alan’s way of managing and supervising shouldn’t be changed because of the way he makes himself available to his employees and thanking each employee for their contributions when the flood happened. Hi manner of managing is what makes his business what it is today. Having his clients respect and trust his provided services. References * Yukl, G. (2008). Leadership in organnizations. (7th ed. , pp. 259-257). Upper saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. * Exforsys Inc. (2009, January 29). Traits of an assertive manager. Retrieved from http://www. exforsys. com/career-center/assertive/traits-of-an-assertive-manager. html * Alexander Hamilton Institute. (2012, April 23). Keep employees in check through assertive management techniques. Retrieved from http://www. businessmanagementdaily. com/19465/keep-employees-in-check-through-assertive-management-techniques * HR system: The pros and cons of laid back manpower management. (2012, October 9). Retrieved from http://hrxpayroll. com/blog/hr-system-the-pros-and-cons-of-laid-back-manpower-management/ * Shannon, E. (2004, December 12). The six different types of managers and How to cite Foreign Auto Shop, Papers

Ethics in Social Networking and Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethics in Social Networking and Business. Answer: Introduction Platform based peer production system or as commonly known as common based peer production can be defined as a socio economic activity. As opined by Kostakis, Niaros and Giotitsas (2015), such system of producing goods and services involves the usage of the latest technology and internet services. The platform based peer production system has been able to grow and develop in the technological environment. The basic principle of this system of production is that it brings together hundreds and thousands of people who aim to work together for the purpose of effectively sharing knowledge, information and cultural goods. However, organizations that have been built on such platform based peer production system do not have a rigid managerial hierarchy and are not subject to very competitive market pricing. According to Bauwens and Niaros (2017), the presence of several factors including innovative software and unique technologies have contributed to the growth of companies based on the Platform based peer production system. However, in this essay it will be discussed whether proponents of this system are right in claiming that companies based on platform based peer production system have positively affected the society or those who believe that the operations of such companies are inherently unethical. Aforementioned discussion will be done in light of the companies Uber and Deliveroo have been chosen as they are companies which are based on platform based peer production system. The common based or platform based peer production model was first developed by Yochai Bnekler, a Harvard Law school professor (Benkler, 2016). The business models of companies such as Uber and Deliveroo, have provided enormous scope of growth and expansion, however such companies have been facing some labor issues. According to a report by Forbes, the companies Uber and Deliveroo have been involved in a lot controversy regarding whether the operations of the company (Forbes.com 2018). The companies have faced allegations that their operations are not in compliance with the ethical standards. Uber has been received several accusations of sexual harassment of the employees and customers. Uber has also been accused of illegally acquiring medical records of Rape victims in order to put down their claims (The Conversation, 2018). The HR department of Uber has also faced allegations of having unfavorable work environment for women. Having been involved in such immoral, unethical and activ ities has adversely affected the reputation of Uber. However, it does not seem to affect the bottom line of Ubers operations. The CEO of Uber, Travis Kalanick had announced that the company would undertake an investigation to find the people who were responsible for the allegations of sexual harassment as faced by the company (www.theguardian.com 2018). After the results of the investigations had been revealed 20 employees of Uber were terminated for indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, some of whom were senior officials. However the identities of the employees had not been disclosed. The management of the company had initially assessed that improving the PR of the company would be effective to cleanse its image however, it has not been sufficient to get it out of the controversies (Constantiou, Marton and Tuunainen 2017). The transport department of London has decided to withdraw the license of Uber which will make Uber non operation in the territory of London (The Conversation, 2018). Ubers business model primarily focuses on the growth and expansion of the company which reflects its imperial ambitions. The economic business model of the company does not have scope for allocating funds to improve the safety of the customers and the drivers alike and adopt of a CSR policy. The business model of Uber is very similar to that of Amazon. Both the companies primarily rely on the investments made by the investors to fund growth and expansion of the same in new markets (Graham and Woodcock 2018). Amazon had been able to achieve monopoly in the retail sector by making huge investments in the initial phase. Becoming a monopoly in the retail market has allowed it to earn huge profits. Amazon however, had a competitive advantage over the retail stores as it did not have to incur cost of establishments and maintenance of the shop fronts, which the other retail stores had to incur for conducting business. However there is one primary difference retail industry and the taxi busi ness. As opined by Massotte (2017), the retail industry makes use of economies of scale to operate in the national and then in the international markets. The taxi industry however operates in a different way and thus has remained localized. The major costs involved in the taxi industry are costs of cars, fuels and drivers. However Ubers business model does not recognize such costs and only focuses on the allocation of funds for evolving in new markets. The goal of evolving in new markets is achieved by subsidizing the wages of the drivers and reducing the passenger fees. Uber has been able to grow and emerge in new markets due to the investment of $11.5 billion dollars which was raised from investors and banks. However, the company has not been able to make substantive profits ever since it started operating. In the year 2016, the company sustained loss of three billion dollars. Uber thus has to pay back the sum either by equity or debts. Thus it can be said that the ever growing debts of the company does not allow the company to afford compliance with ethical standards. Uber is required to provide safety to the customers and employment protection to the drivers so as to function properly in a regulated market. If the company continues to face competition from the local competitors the company will not be able to achieve monopoly and has little hope of repaying the sum to the investors. Deliveroo is another company, which is based on platform based peer production system and has been involved in controversies for not complying with ethical standards. Deliveroo managers have claimed that the couriers who are engaged in delivering takeaways are not to be treated as employees of the company but merely independent suppliers. Managers have suggested that as couriers who make deliveries are treated as independent contractors, they do not have any employment rights. Such suppliers are differentiated from the staff and the employees who constitute the team. As opined by (Sabin 2016), treating the drivers and suppliers by Uber and Deliveroo has allowed the companies to avoid the obligations of paying a minimum wage to them. The business models of the aforementioned companies treat the drivers and the food suppliers as independent contractors for the purpose of saving millions of dollars in Holiday pay and sick leave. The management of Deliveroo has been provided with a list of dos and donts as the workers who had employed by the company in the gig economy claimed to take legal action against the company (www.theguardian.com 2018). Such couriers who make deliveries and takewayas have demanded that a clarification must be provided regarding the differentiation between the employees and independent contractors. The couriers have demanded more employment rights including the right to receive a minimum wage, holiday and sick pay (Recruitment-international.co.uk, 2018). According to the reports issued by the law firm Leigh Day, over two hundred Deliveroo workers have claimed that they should be recognized and addressed as employees as they are required to carry out a shift trial, wear uniforms during the duty hours and are paid wages is much lesser than the minimum wage rate (www.theguardian.com 2018). It has been claimed that the movements of the couriers are constantly monitored by their employers an d such couriers are subjected to performance reviews by such couriers, however, the company does not acknowledge and recognize them as employees of the organization, they have no say over the terms of their employment. The operations of the companies like Uber and Deliveroo, which are based on the platform based peer production system, can be analyzed by the application of several ethical theories. According to the theory of Utilitarianism, it can be said that a act is considered to be right and ethical if it aims to create the greatest benefit for the most number of people. As opined by (Eggleston and Miller, 2014), the actions of individuals and companies must ensure to maximize the good consequences over the bad consequences. The theory of Utilitarianism focuses on the utility of actions. As opined by (Hall and Page, 2015), utility of any action is calculated by summation of the consequences of the actions undertaken by individuals. For the purpose of assessing whether the operations of the companies Uber and Deliveroo are in line with the ethical principles of Utilitarianism, it is important to identify the stakeholders involved. The drivers and the customers are the stakeholders for Uber and the couriers who take deliveries are stakeholders for Deliveroo. It can be said that Uber has failed to create the greatest good for the customers and drivers. The acts of sexual haras sments faced by customers of Uber provide evidence that ethical standards are not met by the company. The act of not recognizing the drivers as employees in order to avoid paying them employment benefits is also unethical since it does not create any benefit for the drivers. Thus according to the principles of Utilitarianism, the operations of the company Uber are Unethical. In case of Deliveroo the same can be said. The company Deliveroo like Uber does not recognize the couriers as employees in order to avoid paying employment benefits to them. Thus this can be viewed as unethical as no benefits are provided to the stakeholders. The theory of Virtue ethics is another theory that can be applied to assess whether the operations of the companies in concern are ethical. As opined by (Van Hooft, 2014) , the theory of virtue ethics is a normative theory which focuses on the virtue and moral character of a decision as opposed to duties and consequences of actions. Upholding the virtue or moral value is the fundamental aim of this theory just like consequences of actions are focused on most by consequensialists (Annas, 2015). As opined by (Carr 2016), virtue can be inherent quality of a person, the same can be acquired over time as well. Thus if the operations of the company Uber and Deliveroo are to be analyzed from the perspective of the Virtue Ethics it can be said that not recognizing the drivers and couriers as employees just to just avoid paying them employment benefits is prima facie unethical. It is no ethical to regard the couriers who make deliveries as independent contractors as their movements are tracke d and they have to wear uniform during shift hours. However their wage rate is lower than the minimum wage rate as set government. According to Letwin et al. (2016), deontology theories primarily focus on the duties of individuals. Such theories of deontology assess an action on the basis of whether it is right or wrong. Unlike the theory of consequentialism, deontological theories do not consideration the consequences of actions. Moral status of an act is determined by the intention of the agent performing it rather than the consequences of the act (Lefkowitz 2017). Thus by analyzing the operations of Uber and Deliveroo by the principles of Deontology it can be stated that the operations of the companies are inherently unethical. It is the responsibility of Uber to provide employment protection to the drivers and safety to the customers, however its business model cannot afford to allocate funds to comply with ethical standards. In case of the company Deliveroo, it can be said that it is the duty of the company to provide employment benefits to the courier as they significantly contribute to the success of the company. They are the ones who perform the main operations of the delivering the food. Thus it can be said that it is unethical to label them as independent contractors in order to avoid paying them employment benefits. Conclusion Thus in conclusion it can be said that the companies based on peer production system such as Uber and Deliveroo have immense opportunity for growth and expansion in new markets. However the business models of Uber and Deliveroo can afford to allocate funds in order to comply with ethical standards. The companies Uber and Deliveroo thus have been involved in a lot of controversy. Uber has faced allegations of sexual harassments of employees and customers and accusations of suppressing records of such sexual harassments. The Company Deliveroo has also been involved in a controversy as the couriers who make the deliveries have been labeled as independent contractors to avoid paying them any employment benefits. After analyzing these actions by several ethical theories it can be said that they are inherently unethical. Reference List: Annas, J., 2015. Applying virtue to ethics.Journal of Applied Philosophy,32(1), pp.1-14. Bauwens, M. and Niaros, V., 2017. The emergence of peer production: challenges and opportunities for labour and unions. Benkler, Y., 2016. Peer production and cooperation.Handbook on the Economics of the Internet,91. Bennett, W.L., Segerberg, A. and Walker, S., 2014. Organization in the crowd: peer production in large-scale networked protests.Information, Communication Society,17(2), pp.232-260. Butler, S. (2018).Deliveroo accused of 'creating vocabulary' to avoid calling couriers employees. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/apr/05/deliveroo-couriers-employees-managers [Accessed 27 Feb. 2018]. Carr, D., 2016. Virtue, character and emotion in people professions: towards a virtue ethics of interpersonal professional conduct. InTowards Professional Wisdom(pp. 113-126). Routledge. Eggleston, B. and Miller, D.E. eds., 2014.The Cambridge companion to utilitarianism. Cambridge University Press. Frazer, M.L. and Slote, M., 2015. Virtue Ethics.The Routledge Companion to Virtue Ethics, p.197. Graham, M. and Woodcock, J., 2018. Towards a fairer platform economy: introducing the Fairwork Foundation Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J., 2015. Following the impact factor: Utilitarianism or academic compliance?. Tourism Management,51, pp.309-312. Kostakis, V., Niaros, V. and Giotitsas, C., 2015. Production and governance in hackerspaces: A manifestation of Commons-based peer production in the physical realm?.International Journal of Cultural Studies,18(5), pp.555-573. Lefkowitz, J., 2017.Ethics and values in industrial-organizational psychology. Taylor Francis. Letwin, C., Wo, D., Folger, R., Rice, D., Taylor, R., Richard, B. and Taylor, S., 2016. The right and the good in ethical leadership: Implications for supervisors performance and promotability evaluations.Journal of Business Ethics,137(4), pp.743-755. Lownsbrough, H. (2018).Ubers practices are morally unacceptable but a boycott wont help | Hannah Lownsbrough.the Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/13/uber-practices-company-london-consumer-sumofus Massotte, P., 2017.Ethics in Social Networking and Business 1: Theory, Practice and Current Recommendations. John Wiley Sons. Piacquadio, P.G., 2017. A fairness justification of utilitarianism.Econometrica,85(4), pp.1261-1276. Recruitment-international.co.uk. (2018).FCSA urges enforcement of minimum wage as Deliveroo couriers pursue workers rights - Recruitment International. [online] Available at: https://www.recruitment-international.co.uk/blog/2016/11/fcsa-urges-enforcement-of-minimum-wage-as-deliveroo-couriers-pursue-workers-rights [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018].. Solon, O. (2018).Uber fires more than 20 employees after sexual harassment investigation.the Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/06/uber-fires-employees-sexual-harassment-investigation The Conversation. (2018).Uber can't be ethical its business model won't allow it. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/uber-cant-be-ethical-its-business-model-wont-allow-it-85015 [Accessed 27 Feb. 2018]. Van Hooft, S., 2014.Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge.

Fdrs New Deal free essay sample

When the Great Depression swept over the nation, the country was left in shambles. In order to resolve the problems at hand, solutions and abrupt change needed to be taken. The country had seen little progress taken by President Hoover, but when Roosevelt took office, the nation began to seem immediate change. Although some displeased with his steps forward, Roosevelt and his brain trusts worked progressively and effectively to activate immediate change through relief systems for the hurting country. FDR’s new deal jump started many relief programs that eased the ache of many homes. However, not everyone was in favor of his fast-paced progressive actions and understood it to be heading towards communism. A particular patron addressed in his letter to Senator Robert Wagner that relief in so many areas will end up leading to disaster in the end. Others felt that the federal government was abusing their authority and some even brought them to the courts to address such matters. We will write a custom essay sample on Fdrs New Deal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As addressed in New Masses, some felt that the women we’re being overlooked and the government cared only for the jobless men. Others felt that Roosevelt overlooked the Negro population However, in the midst of all the complaints and displeasure, FDR offered many significant relief systems in his new deal. William Lloyd Garrison, Jr. pointed out in â€Å"The Hand of Improvidence,† that â€Å"some assisted and some retarded the recovery of industrial activity.

A Brief History of the Trebuchet essays

A Brief History of the Trebuchet essays Mans history can be traced biblically and scientifically. The bible records the slaying of Abel by Cain. From that point we are able to trace the progress of our warring ancestors by studying their artifacts and the written records of the bible. As man became more and more proficient in making war, we also became wiser in the means of defense. The defenders built walls and eventually fortified towns, requiring the aggressors to expand the best of their troops in attempts to overcome these fortifications. As a result, siege warfare-the art of quickly reducing a fortified town was begun and siege engines the beginnings of what we call artillery-were formed. The purpose of these siege engines was simply to knock things down. Defenders soon learned the advantages of war machines, as was evidenced during the siege of Syracuse in 212 BC with the aid of Archimedes, the Greek mathematician and inventor, the defenders of Syracuse reversed the usual procedure and used war machines against Roman besiegers. The trebuchet change the way that different countries and militaries of the medieval age attacked castles and rival countries. The trebuchet is an ancient siege engine used for throwing large rocks. It was invented in China in the 4th century BC, came to Europe in the 6th century AD, and did not become obsolete until the 16th century, well after the introduction of gunpowder. There are various kinds of trebuchets. The latest and best kind consist of a long pivoting beam, a very heavy counterweight swinging from a hinge at one end, and a sling with a big rock hooked to the other. A frame holds it all together and there is a track on the ground. When released, the weight drops, the beam rotates, and the rock slides down the track in the sling. When free of the track the sling rotates very quickly up and over the beam and slips off the hook. The rock spills out of the sling and flies away. Tr...

Critically Evaluate how Theories of Leadership Define and Explain how Essay

Critically Evaluate how Theories of Leadership Define and Explain how to Identify and Create Effective Leaders - Essay Example However, recently there has been increasing emphasis or recognition of dispersed leadership. This approach, having its foundation in psychology, sociology and politics rather than the management sciences considers leadership to be a process which is diffused through the organization instead of lying with the designated leader. The present project seeks to make a critical evaluation of the various definitions of leadership. It then goes on to explain how to identify and create effective leaders in the organization. It focuses on the traditional and individualistic views of leadership as these are considered to have the greatest relevance to the field of management development and leadership standards in organizations. Critical Analysis Leadership is an extremely high valued and highly sought after commodity. It is a common question for people to ask what make for the good leaders. Moreover leadership has attracted attention of the researchers all across the world and a review of the s cholarly articles on the subject reveals that there are numerous theoretical approaches for explaining the complexities of the process of leadership (Northouse, 2009, p.1). Some researchers have considered leadership as behaviour or trait while others have viewed the same from a relational standpoint or an information processing perspective (Northouse, 2009, p.1). Leadership Defined Stogdill (1974) brought forth through a series of research that there are as many different definitions of leadership as there are people trying to define it. Although each one knows intuitively about the meaning of the term, it appears mean differently to different individuals. The mere attempt to give a definition to leadership creates the discovery that it has numerous different meanings (Northouse, 2009, p.2). Certain components have been identified as being central to the conceptualization of leadership. Firstly leadership is considered to be a process; it includes a certain amount of influence; it occurs in groups and finally it involves common goals. Considering the above components the most common definition of leadership has evolved. Leadership has been defined as a process in which a single individual has influence over a group of individuals in order to attain a common goal (Northouse, 2009, p.2). The definition of leadership as a process means that it is neither a characteristic nor a trait residing in the leader; it is rather a transactional event occurring between the leaders and the followers. The term process implies that it is not a one way event; both leaders and followers get affected in the process. They need each other mutually. According to the views of Burns (1978), although there is a close link between the leaders and the followers, generally leaders are more associated with the initiation of the relationship, the creation of communication linkages and carrying the responsibility or burden of maintaining the relationship (Northouse, 2009, p.4). Theories of Leadership Researchers are of the opinion that a difference exists between the trait and process theory of leadership. It is common for people to think that people are born to be leaders or that people make leaders naturally. These are some statements which are generally expressed by people who consider the trait perspective towards leadership. The perspective suggests that

Ehics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ehics - Essay Example Active euthanasia requires some direct action which leads to death. There is not a withdrawal of life-support systems, but some affirmative action which speeds up or results in a person's death. The important point is that this type of euthanasia is done to a person who would otherwise die of natural causes. In this way, the death is sped up rather than caused. It is also important to note that active euthanasia is not the same as a mercy killing. A mercy killing occurs when the patient is unable to direct another person. In the active euthanasia situation, by contrast, the patient is aware of what is happening and is able to direct the acts of euthanasia. Thus, the patient agrees to this course of action. There are no questions as to the patient's intent. In sum, active euthanasia is the speeding up of a person's death. This person consents to the euthanasia and would, in any event, die of natural causes. There are many arguments in support of this particular type of euthanasia. As an initial matter, both common people and medical professionals argue in large numbers that prolonging a terminal illness causes unnecessary pain and suffering for the patient and for the patient's friends and family. As mentioned, the person is going to die. Why, then, should we as a moral society force these types of patients to suffer extreme physical and emotional pain Would it not be more ethical to relieve them of this pain, and cut short the trauma and the mental torture Another argument in support of active euthanasia is the stress caused to the family of the patient. There is certainly emotional pain; in addition, there may be many financial problems, too. Advanced medical care is expensive and health insurance is not always available or adequate to cover all of the medical expenses. In addition to the arguments dealing with the pain, suffering, and financial burdens associated with prolonging a terminally ill patient, there are also arguments that focus on the dignity of the patient. This is not the same thing as pain and suffering. The dignity refers to a patient's right to decide his own future. It is the patient's body, his illness, and it is presumptuous and authoritarian to take away a patient's right to determine his own treatment and fate. A patient is a free human being, and as such has the right to reject medical advice or to demand the onset of death or the withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatments. This type of argument, however, assumes that the person is rational and not suffering from a mental illness. A final type of argument in support of active euthanasia is concerned more with society than with an individual patient or his family. There is an argument that medical resources are limited, often expensive, and that it would be foolish to waste these resources on patients who are going to die anyway. Why allocate precious resources to a losing situation when they might be better and more effectively used on other patients In sum, there are many arguments in favor of active euthanasia. First, this practice can relieve the patient of pain and suffering. Second , it can relieve his family from emotional pain and possible financial disasters. Third, this is a personal and private decision which should be made by the individual patient. Finally, it is foolish to waste precious medical resources on pati

Labor Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Labor Relations - Essay Example Based on this premise the company maintains good relationship with its employees and this is the basic fact behind the success that the company enjoys at the international level. Every employee of the company, irrespective of the level at which he or she operates, make noticeable contribution to the overall performance of the company. This value is reflected in the activities and policies made at the managerial level of the company, which ensures that the employees are encouraged to put their best efforts so that they might help the company maximize its performance. The organizational leaders have developed the Workplace Rights Policy of the Coca Cola Company by strictly following the international standards for human rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work proposed by the International Labor Organization's and also the United Nations Global Compact. This policy is equally applicable to all the members, irrespect ive of the proportion of stake it holds in the company. In all the countries in which the Coca Cola Company operates, it makes sure that the principles strictly abided by the bottling partners of the company, although these companies might operate independently as separate organizations. The company also encourages them to adopt these policies so that these partner organizations might work in a more synchronized manner with the Coca Cola Company. The labor employment policy of the company includes the following major components; freedom of Association, campaign against forced labor, campaign against child labor, freedom of collective bargaining, discrimination among laborers on the basis of cast, race or social status, working hours, proper wage rate, healthy and safe Workplace, security at the workplace and engagement of the stakeholders of the company as well as the entire community (Coca-Cola India, 2010). Labor-related issues Racial discrimination Racial discrimination is a seri ous problem for the multinational corporations. Since they operate in different countries they are required to maintain the traditions and cultures of the regions. Since they utilize the labor force of the relevant country, the management has to be conscious about the about the rights and the demands of the local labor force and make policies that would not hurt the interests of these laborers. In 2000, Coca Cola paid $192.5 million for settling a lawsuit against racial discrimination in the US segment of the company. This was aimed at changing and managing the way minority employees are treated in the country. An allegation made against the company in 2003 said that black skinned population is underrepresented in the top management of the company and they also receive less payment than their white skinned counterparts (Business-Human rights, 2013). Issues with Coca Cola Although the Coca Cola Company has a strong employee policy and believes in maintaining good relationship with la bor unions in all the operating segments in the world, the company has faced strict criticism from the public, the media and other international watchdogs. In some of the countries in which the company operates, it has been charged of providing degraded working conditions to the workers and also accused of inhuman behavior with the labor union leaders. Particularly, in the

Transaction And Translation Exposure In International Finance Essay

Transaction And Translation Exposure In International Finance Essay Foreign exchange exposure is a measure of the potential for a firms profitability, net cash flow, and market value to change because of a change in exchange rates. Types of Foreign Exchange Exposure Transaction exposure measures changes in the value of outstanding financial obligations due to a change in exchange rates. Translation exposure deals with changes in cash flows that result from existing contractual obligations. Operating (economic, competitive, or strategic) exposure measures the change in the present value of the firm resulting from any changes in future operating cash flows of the firm caused by an unexpected change in exchange rates [via changes in sales volume, prices and costs.] Impact of Hedging MNEs possess a multitude of cash flows that are sensitive to changes in exchange rates, interest rates, and commodity prices. These three financial price risks are the subject of the growing field of financial risk management. Many firms attempt to manage their currency exposures through hedging. Hedging is the taking of a position that will rise (fall) in value and offset a fall (rise) in the value of an existing position. While hedging can protect the owner of an asset from a loss, it also eliminates any gain from an increase in the value of the asset hedged against. The value of a firm, according to financial theory, is the net present value of all expected future cash flows. Currency risk is defined roughly as the variance in expected cash flows arising from unexpected exchange rate changes. A firm that hedges these exposures reduces some of the variance in the value of its future expected cash flows. However, is a reduction in the variability of cash flows sufficient reason for currency risk management? Opponents of hedging state (among other things): Shareholders are much more capable of diversifying currency risk than the management of the firm. Currency risk management reduces the variance of the cash flows of the firm, but also uses valuable resources. Management often conducts hedging activities that benefit management at the expense of the shareholders (agency conflict), i.e., large FX loss are more embarrassing than the large cost of hedging. Proponents of hedging cite: Reduction in risk in future cash flows improves the planning capability of the firm. Reduction of risk in future cash flows reduces the likelihood that the firms cash flows will fall below a necessary minimum (the point of financial distress) Management has a comparative advantage over the individual shareholder in knowing the actual currency risk of the firm Management is in better position to take advantage of disequilibrium conditions in the market. Transaction Exposure Transaction exposure arises when a firm faces contractual cash flows that are fixed in a foreign currency. Whenever a firm has foreign-currency-denominated receivables or payables, it is subject to transaction exposure, and the eventual settlements have the potential to affect the firms cash flow position. Since modern firms are often involved in commercial and financial contracts denominated in foreign currencies, management of transaction exposure has become an important function of international financial management. Measurement of Transaction Exposure Transaction exposure is simply the amount of foreign currency that is receivable or payable. Since MNCs commonly have foreign subsidiaries spread around the world, they need an information system around the world, they need an information system that can track their currency positions . Identifying Net Transaction Exposure Before an MNC makes any decisions related to hedging, it should identify the individual net transaction exposure on a currency-by-currency basis. The term net here refers to the consolidation of all expected inflows and outflows for a particular time and currency. The management at each subsidiary plays a vital role in reporting its expected inflows and outflows. Then a centralised group consolidates the subsidiary reports to identify, for the MNC as a whole, the expected net positions in each foreign currency during several upcoming periods. The MNC can identify its exposure by reviewing this consolidation of subsidiary positions. One subsidiary may have net receivables in Mexican Pesos three months from now, while a different subsidiary has net payables in Pesos. If the Peso appreciates, this will be favourable to the first subsidiary and unfavourable to the second. However, the impact on the MNC as a whole is at least partially offset. Each subsidiary may desire to hedge its net currency position in order to avoid the possible adverse impacts on its performance due to fluctuations in the currencys value. The overall performance of the MNC, however, may already be insulated by the offsetting positions between subsidiaries. Therefore, hedging the position of each individual subsidiary may not be necessary. Although it is difficult to predict future currency value with much accuracy, MNCs can evaluate historical data to at least assess the potential degree of movement for each currency Standard Deviation The standard deviation statistic is one such possible way to measure the degree of movement for each currency. Notice that within each period, some currencies clearly fluctuate much more than others.

Evolution of Heroism: Comparing Qualities of Ancient Heroes Versus Mod

Heroes are prevalent in everyone’s life. Whether someone’s hero is a living person or a fabled character from a movie, everybody has come into contact with some sort of hero. In fact, the concept of heroes has existed for hundreds of years, dating all the way back to Ancient Greece. However, heroes have not always been people who dress up in costumes and fight crime, as our current society would lead us to believe. No, heroes started out differently and have evolved throughout the centuries. Heroes generally reflect the ideals of their society, and while they are not perfect, they demonstrate the qualities and traits valued by their society. Heroes have always possessed distinguishing qualities, but these traits and qualities have changed drastically over time. The Greek definition of a hero is far removed from the Romantic and modern definitions of heroes. Early heroes were characterized by extraordinary physical ability and incredible battle skills, whereas contempora ry heroes rely on intellectual ability and their rebellious nature. Specifically, the original Greek heroes had god-like physiques and were deadly and unstoppable warriors. One of the most prominent Greek heroes, Odysseus, demonstrates these qualities in Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey. Odysseus first displays his inhuman strength in the cave of Polyphemus, the Cyclops. His men prepare a large olive stake to thrust it into Polyphemus’ eye and Odysseus â€Å"drives his weight on [the olive stake] from above and bores it† (Homer, 223) in, an astounding feat of which only Odysseus is capable. Odysseus demonstrates his physical dominance again when he escapes the whirlpool Charybdis by â€Å"springing for the great fig tree† above and then escapes from Charybdis need I say/high... ...he example of each (smart for equality, fighting social boundaries for jane) but now that you say both do that (which is true for the most part) after â€Å"mentally brilliant† such as Equality and Jane, and fight their social boundaries as opposed to physical armies and foes. In Greek society, those who were fearless and muscular fighters were the ones that were honored and praised, comma needed but in modern society, people who are exceptionally bright and courageous can become honorable heroes. A perfect example of a modern hero is Barack Obama. Barack is extremely intelligent, as this is required of any president to run a country. He is the first African-American president, an act rebellious against the normal customs of American presidents. He cannot defeat an entire army of suitors by himself, but he has used his courage and intelligence to become a hero for many.

Ethnicity and the Police Essay

Relationships between the police and minority communities have come a long way, and still continue to evolve as public awareness grows. Although there are still misconceptions about community policing, it is a fact that improvements have been made because of the new and continuously emerging programs, and partnerships that have been created between the police and private citizens. Among these improvements are lower crime rates, higher crime reporting rates, and improved public perception of police effectiveness. The 1960’s were a symbol of inequality within the justice system. The actions of police officers were causing race riots all over the United States. Because of this President Lyndon B Johnson appointed Illinois Governor Otto Kerner to chair the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, otherwise known as the Kerner Commission. It was this commission that brought to light the reasons behind the riots and initiated the change. The commission stated that â€Å"our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal.† and criticized law enforcement for the underrepresentation of blacks on police forces, brutality and abuse of power, and racial bias in the use of deadly force (â€Å"Policing The Social Crises Of The 1960s†, 2013). The police agencies responded to this by starting affirmative action programs to recruit and promote more blacks and women, formulating written policies for the use of deadly force to reduce racial disparities in police shootings, and of course they started police†community relations programs to improve communication between the police and racial minority citizens (â€Å"Policing The Social Crises Of The 1960s†, 2013). This is what paved the way to the attitudes of experts in policing in the 1970’s who began to acknowledge the necessity of both police and the community in their roles as co-producers of community safety. This is a partnership that has been proven to solve  problems before they become more serious (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Many practices and programs constitute community policing. Some activities are carried out only for the sole purpose of improving the image of police departments (1974). For example: Attendin g meetings of church groups, and other local organizations, and TV or radio ads asking for citizen cooperation (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Some activities are of an internal nature within police departments and include: Community relations training, the establishment of specialized positions within a department that are responsible for community relations, and specialized programs used to recruit officers from minority groups (1974). Other activities include police work in the field that makes them appear more visible and personable, such as foot patrols (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Community policing is diverse and varies from department to department (1974). The Detroit police department, for example, has a program known as the Citizens radio patrol. The patrols were established to help serve as extended eyes and ears for the police department. The department offers classes to those who are interested in making a difference on community watch techniques. The role of the patrollers is to watch over their neighborhoods and report any suspicious activity to a patrol base operator, who in turn contacts the local police precinct or district. Patrols consist of a number of volunteers who commit a small amount of their time each week to serve as a base operator, a driver or an observer with the driver (â€Å"Thank God for the Shelter†, 2011). The Detroit police department also offers programs for youth that are interested in learning how to be good citizens and community leaders. These programs focus on those who have the potential and may be interested in becoming police officers someday. Other programs that assist under-privileged kids get involved in basketball, football, softball, soccer, bowling, golfing, track and field, swimming, martial arts, tennis, and cross country skiing are also available (â€Å"Thank God For The Shelter†, 2011). Even though there are a wide range of different practices among police agencies the one common goal is to achieve better relationships with specific segments of the community (1974). For example, in 1992 a federal grant was awarded to the housing authority and the Fort Lauderdale police department. $250,000 was used to pay off-duty officers to  work special details in the city`s public housing projects. The money is also being used for other programs to help foster better po lice-community relations. Since the new program began, residents have been getting to know the officers in their neighborhood and tipping them on crimes (Corbett, 1992). So far we have given examples of community policing that have made improvements for minority groups by way of lower neighborhood crime rates, higher crime reporting rates, and a more positive public perception, but what about the perception of the police by foreign born citizens? Unfortunately there has been a lesser impact of community policing efforts observed by communities with a large number of recent immigrants. In A study, known as the Houston community policing experiment, Latinos scored lower measures of awareness, participation, and effectiveness of community policing than blacks (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). It is likely that language barriers, lack of understanding of the new culture around them, and a strong mistrust of the police that has been brought with them from their homeland hinders even the strongest efforts from being effective. Foreign born citizens are not the only people that harbor misconceptions about community policing. The public as a whole is still comprised of a large number of citizens with doubts. One of the most dominant misconceptions about police community relations is that is restricted only for efforts that regard minority groups. Although it was this that started the ball rolling, nothing could be further from the truth. Police agencies have a vested interest in creating and maintaining good relationships with the entire community no matter the ethnicity. Another misconception is that these practices are done strictly to receive positive reviews from the citizen review board. In most cases these programs are developed by the department themselves and are not subject to review of any kind (Kreps & Weller, 1973). Police community relations programs have not only improved the attitude of minority groups, and the entire public as a whole towards the police, but have also created a positive impact on communities by lowering the crime rate. Strategies used for community policing are as diverse as the population of the United States itself, but they all share the common goal of promoting strong relationships with those who in the past were underrepresented and abused. These programs continue to ensure an understanding between the justice system and the public, and  are necessary for harmony between the two. References (1974, May 5). Police community relations. Sun Sentinel. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/388977280?accountid=458 Corbett, M. (1992, February 24). Police boost community relations. Sacramento Observer. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/388977280?accountid=458 Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more-subjects/criminal-justice/development-of-the-american-police/policing-the-social-crises-of-the-1960s Thank God for the shelter. (2011). Retrieved from http://thankgodfortheshelter.com/2011/06/08/detroit-police-deparatment-%E2%80%93-police-community-services/ The Police-Community Relations Movement: Conciliatory Responses, Kreps, Gary A; Weller, Jack M The American Behavioral Scientist (pre-1986); Jan/Feb 1973; 16, 3; ProQuest Central pg. 402 The United States department of justice. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/

Responsible Social Networking on Campus

Responsible Social Networking Campus gossip websites were ideally intended to be used as a way to communicate with students and engage with peers in useful ways. I feel that campus gossip websites are being used unethically. Currently, Campus gossip websites are just now being utilized to start rumors and anonymously publicly bash fellow students without ramifications from school and related officials. In turn, the students have gone to new extremes with malicious comments towards fellow peers and in some cases, causing physical and emotional damage with no clarity on who all should be held liable.A waste of time and energy is spent by students anonymously involving themselves in these gossip websites who knowingly hold such power to destroy a fellow peer and yet people still use them in all the wrong ways. It is completely unethical to post a rumor about another individual on a campus gossip website. There are standards that every person should hold themselves to and in return be ab le to treat one another as you would like to be treated. College should not be a place where students are more concerned about social statuses and stressed about being publicly humiliated by peers because of one person’s post on a campus gossip website.Cruel, hurtful comments tend to follow, making campus life for the targeted individual agonizing. Ethical conduct should be carried out day to day, through out every aspect, even when socially it can be easy to stray if you are constantly subjected or surrounded around peers who chose not to. It still gives no excuse to contribute to gossips websites. It’s simple, know right from wrong and conduct yourself in that manner, posting rumors on gossip websites results in nothing but unethical. If I were to read about myself in a posting on a gossip site of course, I would first feel the need to defend myself.Depending on the severity of the information that was posted, I know my first thought would be who did this and what th is person’s intent behind doing so. The thought of having someone have such a negative opinion about you is very depressing. Everyone always wants nothing but positive things to be said when your name is mentioned. My train of thought would be to fight back, say something in response to let this person and everyone else know that what’s being said is nothing but someone’s personal attack for some unknown reason to publicly degrade me.My actions, on the other hand, would not reflect any of that. I have been in situations where I have read some harsh critics opinions and peers personal thoughts of what they thought of me and/or current status socially and acted on my first defensive thought strategy. The result never ended where my first intentions wanted to. Looking back after taking the time to calm down, reading both of our comments, I realized that I made myself look just as unethical as the person posting about me. I was getting drawn in, feeling like I had t o respond back by using personal attacks to feel justified.Not responding and by not contributing in any form is what needed to be done. Of course, my feelings would be dishearten but overall I would know what I did was right by not having to be unethical as a form to feeling justified to prove them wrong. As of right now, schools administrators and even federal law cannot fully regulate or hold certain parties responsible who are at fault for these campus gossip websites. Ethically, of course this is not right. We are taught as children, that there are consequences for our bad choices.There are laws that we are to follow and if we do not, you will be held accountable and punished. So how is it that so many people have been hurt and suffered some mental distress and in some cases unfortunately, physical harm and damage? As discussed in* a case raised question whether colleges should be obligated to intervene when one of their students are targeted on a gossip website. A very concern ed mother addressed an issue with the Dean at the University where her daughter attended because some explicit names where posted on a campus gossip website under her name.After the Mother was told nothing could be done by the University to block or remove the comments, she then decided to file a complaint with the U. S Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights stating the University was required to take action under Title IX, Federal Gender-Equity Law arguing that it interfered with her daughter’s ability to learn. After they reviewed the case, they ruled that because the comments were posted anonymously and not able to be proved students, and because the Mother did not identify her daughter by name to the University so they could properly investigate further, nothing was done.Certain steps needed to be followed like the daughter reporting the conduct to the campus police. Her representation stated it was not all a loss. The Department’s willingness to consider the complaint means that gossip websites fall under Title IX guidelines meaning in turn, more questions would have to be answered and hopefully, long term, Law and Regulations can be better stated and put into place. * Something needs to be done to hold certain parties responsible. So it is unethical that nothing is being done to stop this ongoing issue that has hindered many students.Sadly enough, cyber bullying and gossip websites has become severe enough to be lead to rape, murder and suicides. As talked about in*(http://topics. nytimes. com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/tyler_clementi/index. html) a Rutgers University freshman Tyler Clementi committed suicide after his roommate decided to live stream his intimate encounter broadcasting on twitter encouraging to watch and revealing to everyone that he was gay. He then was ridiculed as he turned into the dorm’s gossip.Tyler, a very quiet, reserved young man never spoke of his sexual orientation so you can imag ine the extreme distress and humiliation that followed and unfortunately, 3 days later he decided to jump off the George Washington Bridge into the Hudson River in an apparent suicide. There were 2 people charged in this case and in my own personal opinion, lightly and not even in relation to the suicide but more along the lines invasion of privacy. The case questioned Hate crime due to the sexual orientation and his roommate exploiting Tyler, prosecutors stating that his roommate was homophobic.There are many more cases like this maybe some not as extreme but how is it that people are getting no ramifications, no punishment what so ever for their mean attempt to harass, mortify and viciously attack peers leading to crimes in due result of anonymously posting on a gossip website. In this case Tyler’s was documented and more publicly noted by his roommate making charges easier but still not enough in regards to cyber bullying and being held accountable and who all should be pu nished.Responsibility to crimes in due result of a posting on a gossip website first and foremost the person responsible doing the act needs to be held accountable, the victims school if proper steps were not taken by the victim to notify proper officials to try to prevent the crime, and the website host should also be held accountable for letting people post such things that could in turn, lead to something as severe as a crime as a result of. Postings should be monitored and everyone should be under certain guidelines for this reason of crimes taking place.As Technology advances, we have to be constantly changing, learning and adapting to be able to communicate anywhere we go. To be able to attend College, it is almost impossible to be able to be successful without a computer, cell phone and internet. Having such access to information, constantly online talking with peers and other social outlets has become the majority of communication. In today’s culture, people spend mor e time on a computer than anything else and as technology advances, everyone feels urged to keep up with it due to its improvements to make day to day tasks as simple as possible, instant gratification to any task at hand.This influences our culture in many ways but in the case of how it affects the overall scheme of campus gossip websites, you can only imagine how easy it is to access this information and how easy it is instantly post. I think technology advances are meant for much more then to able to get on Facebook and post what you had for lunch but having such easy access to this gives campus peers way to gossip more freely. Word of mouth takes much longer as to posting online where you know it’s going to be seen in a matter of seconds. In conclusion, campus gossip websites are unethical.Posting rumors, spreading lies regardless of your personal opinion about someone, in no way shape or form, is going to accomplish anything positive for either person involved. Having to find any information about yourself is upsetting enough but to have to deal with it on a daily basis where more concern should be about education, not about being ridiculed or embarrassed by what someone post stated. Standards and laws need to be put in place to better protect students from being put in the situation where cyber bullying and posting anonymously goes unpunished by holding schools, the posting party and web host.

Four Types of Tissue Essay Example

Four Types of Tissue Essay Example Four Types of Tissue Essay Four Types of Tissue Essay In this lab you will review the four types of animal tissues. After watching the presentation and taking notes, you will create a presentation on tissues to show your mastery of the topic. Animal tissues may be considered the second level of organization within the body. Specialized cells come together to make specialized tissues which allow the organism to function. You will have the opportunity to be creative as you demonstrate mastery of the four types of animal tissues.Materials Needed You will need a computer, an internet connection, your lab notebook, and a pen or pencil. You will also need materials to create a presentation of your choice. You may choose a poster, a 3 dimensional model, a recording, an investigative lab, or a power point presentation. Procedures 1. View the PhET presentation about animal tissues. This can be found in the presentations section. Non-majors Biology – lesson one Animal Tissues. (please inset link here). 2. Take notes to review the informati on about the 4 tissue types.These notes should be organized in your lab investigation report. 3. You will then prepare a presentation to teach others about tissues. You are encouraged to focus on one tissue type, but you may also compare and contrast the 4 types of tissues. 4. You can make a three dimensional poster, a power point, an investigative lab, or even a video recording. 5. This presentation should show what you have learned about tissues from the lesson, this presentation, and other additional sources you choose. Remember to cite additional sources) 6. Complete the Analysis Questions and Conclusion. Analysis and Conclusion Questions: : This conclusion should be answered in paragraph form, with at least 5 complete sentences. 1. Please conclude your lab with a summary paragraph of at least 5 sentences about the design of the presentation you created to show mastery of animal tissues. You should begin with a sentence that explains how you investigated tissues. You should then address the reason you chose your method of presentation.You should then use 2-3 sentences to explain how you developed your presentation. I decided to do a PowerPoint presentation and used the tissues as the background picture. So for the slide for epithelial tissues I used a picture of epithelial cells as the background and so on. I found the pictures in a Google search. I then researched information on the tissues and added a text box that explained what they do. I decided to use PowerPoint because I like how it makes things look because I have lots of things to choose from for designs.

Diabetes and Globalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diabetes and Globalization - Research Paper Example The Harvard School of Public Health (n.d) defines globalization as "Inexorable spread of knowledge, technology, culture, and capital from country to country" (para. 1). In layman's terms, diabetes is caused by a disproportion of energy in the body whereby very little calories are burned by the body. In other words, physical activity is imperative when it comes to preventing diabetes. Globalization has increased trade between countries and has thus made food more available at cheaper prices. The cost and availability of food shape people's preferences and can contribute to diabetes (Harvard School of Public Health, para. 5). This, in other words, increases people's access to high caloric foods which are the major contributors to diabetes. Other than shaping people's food preferences, globalization has made it easier for international fast-food companies to spread from the developed countries to developing countries (Harvard School of Public Health, para. 5). This further increases peo ple's access to fattening foods creating an increase in obesity and diabetes.   Candib (2007) asserts that globalization goes hand in hand with urbanization. People are increasingly moving to urban areas in search of better business and job opportunities. When people move to urban areas, they end up adopting a sedentary lifestyle. Subsequently, they have no time for cooking a healthy meal by the time they get home due to exhaustion. In fact, most people prefer buying food from restaurants and fast food outlets than to cooking.  Ã‚  

Making the Kitchen Floor at the Restaurant Less Hazardous Research Proposal

Making the Kitchen Floor at the Restaurant Less Hazardous - Research Proposal Example The laxity in correcting surface safety conditions subjects the users and the public to encounter the hazards. There are several types of injuries resulting from the accidents due to poor floor conditions. The injuries range from broken bones, severe cuts, burns, and sprains. The injuries further affect the overall workmanship of those affected. There are several causes of floor relating accident. The best way of ensuring safety against flooring hazards is by ensuring the floors are in good conditions. Workplace safety is an ethical concern for everybody at the place of work. A good number of workers at the restaurant get injuries while on duty every year. In the past five years, about 25 workers have got injuries due to the poor conditions of the restaurant floor. Extra partial of the employees who get injuries are forcefully taking day offs nursing their injuries or attending to hospital for treatments. Some staff has since got permanent disabilities from the wounds. The types of i njuries resulting from the poor floor conditions range from broken bones, severe cuts, burns, and sprains. The last five cases of floor based accidents recorded austere injuries with one of the female workers Michele suffering permanent knee injury that have since paralyzed her movements and so she no longer get to work. The number of employees taking day offs is also on the rise posing challenges on the company’s performance because increase in the number of absentees reduces workforce and in turn affecting the quality of service. This report provides information to the restaurant supervisors, managers and kitchen workers on the various sources of personal accidents while in the kitchen. The immediate course of action and the various safety measures that are considered best to reduce the cases of kitchen accidents. The report identifies the loopholes on personal security.

Psychology 43 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology 43 questions - Essay Example Paul lives in Cordelia Street, which was a working class neighborhood with haggard-looking businessmen rushing off to their work and though it was a decent place to live Paul seemed to loathe his neighborhood immensely. As for his school, Paul had the same sentiments and despised everyone; he was filled with a certain superiority complex that caused him to belittle everyone around him. The only place he ever loved was Carnegie Hall and did his duty as an usher wonderfully. In this very place Paul discovered his undying passion for the theatre and arts, and being around these things had a soporific impact and he completely forgot about all his worries in life. And in Carnegie hall he completely changed as a person and it turned out to be an escape for Paul from the troubles of his real life. 2. What is the significance of the fact that his father and other men in his neighborhood worked for the "iron kings"? Whom does his father want Paul to emulate? Is such a role model suitable for Paul, given his character?   The legend of the ‘Iron kings’ was about a group of Cash boys and soon stumbled upon great fortune and the fact that Paul’s father had worked for him symbolized that one day Paul too, like these Cash boys would have a life of great wealth and luxury. He was always busy dreaming about a life full of luxury.

Holy Roman Empire Essay Example for Free

Holy Roman Empire Essay The spread of Lutheranism from 1521-1555 occurred due to many reasons in addition to the lack of strong central government. Other reasons include the fact that Charles V held many roles and therefore had other priorities that were more important than dealing with Lutheranism, the role of Fredrick the Wise and other Lutheran leaders and princes, and finally the appeal and popularity of Lutheranism which ultimately lead to the strength and the growth of the Luther movement. Perhaps the other reasons would not have happened if there was not a lack of central government, which suggests that this was the most important reason; however it is clear that these reasons all interlink, for example the princes may have never supported Luther’s ideas if he did not appeal to them, thus leading to the growth of Lutheranism. Due to the complexity of the causes it is difficult to judge the most important factor, but it is fair to say that there was no stand-alone cause which led to the spread of Lutheranism, but a range of contributing factors. Firstly, the lack of strong central government in the Holy Roman Empire allowed the spread of Lutheranism to occur without prevention. This is largely due to the over 300 self-governing states, meaning that Charles’ influence was limited. This prince’s autonomy meant that the princes had acquired sovereign authority in their own territories, and Charles had little authority. So when Charles attempted to act against rulers who supported Luther he found that Catholic princes did not support him as they were fearful of an increase in the Emperor’s power. This political division ensured the establishment of a Lutheran church, and his supporters and allies were able to capitalise on Fredrick the Wises’ actions and the absence of Charles V when he was dealing with other issues. Another example of the weakness was the Wahlkapitulation. This was also very limiting for Charles, as he had to consult the Electors and the Reichstag on all imperial matters, for example in Augsburg in 1530 when the princes said no to him. It also meant that he could not bring in foreign troops, for example his Spanish troops, to possibly invade Saxony and arrest Luther. This gave Luther further protection on top of the protection he received from Fredrick the Wise. In the 1530s peoples preferred to see the spread of Lutheranism than an increase in the Emperors power, which is due to increased princely particularism. So, all of these reasons ultimately lead to a spread of Lutheranism because the fact that the princes were gaining more power meant that they could make decisions for their own territories, and it became increasingly difficult for Charles to prevent them from becoming Lutheran. Charles V was very preoccupied during the period when Lutheranism was spreading, and ultimately it was not at the top of his priority list. The conflicting priorities of Charles’ extensive yet fragmented Empire were a cause of weakness, thus linking to a weakness in the structure of the Empire. Even in cases of emergency he was not often able to devote his full attention to any cause because he had such a vast area to manage. Examples of Charles’ other priorities include Spain, France and the Ottoman Empire. Charles felt it was necessary to remain in Germany to make sure the Edict of Worms was carried out; however he was forced to travel to Spain to deal with riots that had broken out there, meaning he could not return to Germany for another 8 years. He was also preoccupied with the on-going Habsburg-Valois conflict with France, which was fought in Northern Italy and demanded a lot of Charles attention. Finally the Turks were a cause of problem for Charles, as they were threatening Charles Empire hugely. Charles’ conflicting priorities meant that he could not devote attention to preventing the spread of Lutheranism. In comparison to the structure of the empire, this was not as significant due to the spread of Lutheranism because despite it being out of control, Charles could have delegated other people to carry out his roles in other countries so he could focus on Luther, however the lack strong central government was a key structural issue in the empire and the determination of the princes was out of Luther’s control. The role of Fredrick the Wise and other Lutheran princes was key in the spread of Lutheranism because Fredrick not only protected Luther in the years leading up to the Edict of Worms, but he continued to work for Luther and promoted the religion that Luther stood for. He always suggested an alternative way instead of flatly disagreeing with the Emperor to still keep relationships stable. He argued that Luther’s ideas needed to be considered more carefully, suggesting that the issue should be decided in a council of the German Church. This idea was popular because of its appeal, and Fredrick was presented as a reasonable man. All of this work done by Fredrick led to the strength and growth of the Lutheran movement, as it also increased his popularity. The support of the Luther princes was less of an influence on the spread of Lutheranism than the structure of the Empire, because the Structure of the Empire allowed these princes to follow Luther’s ideas due to increasing princely particularism, and despite Fredrick’s role playing a significant part, it is still on a smaller scale than the structure of the entire empire. Finally, the appeal of Lutheranism meant that he gained popularity rapidly. This is partially to do with the failure of the church in the early 16the century, and increasing hostility due to clerical abuses, such as Simony, and poor quality of pastoral care from people’s parish priests. Luther highlighted these problems with the Church and therefore people supported Luther’s ideas of sola scriptura and sola fida. This increased popularity led to the strength and growth of the Luther movement. By the 1540’s people’s attitudes had changed, and as a whole generation of people had grown up with Luther’s ideas around them it made it incredibly difficult for Charles to eliminate Luther’s ideas, or prevent further spreading. The Diet of Regensburg in 1541 also saw a change in Charles attitude. Charles had decided military action was necessary to bring Luther supporters back into the Catholic Church, which highlights the size of the growth of Lutheranism, as he thought he needed to sort them out immediately. However things changed again in 1555 as Charles was forced to accept Lutheranism in the religious Peace of Augsburg where the impossibility of reuniting Christendom was finally recognised. It declared that, in each state there was to be one religion, either Catholicism or Lutheranism, and the princes were to decide, thus linking back to princely particularism again, and it marked a huge change for the religion of the empire. For the first times Charles accepts Lutheranism and does not try to prevent it. The appeal of Lutheranism was fundamental, because it resulted in support and without support Lutheranism would have never grown to the extent it did. However it does not seem as fundamental as the structure of the empire because it was such a large issue. In conclusion the structure of the government is a fundamental cause in the spread of Lutheranism because it has the largest impact because it affects the entire empire. The fact that Charles V had other priorities meant that he could not deal with or prevent the spread, but it did not encourage the spread in any way, the spread was encouraged due to the princely particularism that occurred because of the structure of the empire. Therefore the lack of Charles V’s attention was probably the least important contributing factor. Both the role of Fredrick and the other Lutheran princes and the appeal of Lutheranism result in the strength and growth of Lutheranism, therefore this is also an important reason, because if Lutheranism was not popular then it would have never have grown and spread. Consequently, even though there are important factors which clearly contribute largely to the spread, it is clear that the structure of the empire was the most important reason promoting the spread of Lutheranism because it encouraged princes to be independent and make their own decision, thus taking power away from the Emperor, and ultimately changing to Lutheran states.